Recommendations for school communities:
Contextual Factors
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Expose children to successful adults beyond their own communities, wherever they are. Guide and feed students' visions for the adulthood that will be theirs in a few years.
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Investigate the research literature about engaging early-adolescent males, who succeed less often than females.
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Build robust partnerships with local social services, recreational opportunities, and a wide variety of community agencies and individuals to help schools address or mitigate disruptive problems beyond their academic purview, problems like neighborhood or family issues and challenging behaviors that present obstacles to learning.
